Vienna has subsidized mass transit for decades. Roughly 60% of Vienna's nearly 2 million residents use public transport at least once per week.

The "subsidization" is actually a great investment. You can't continue to expand roads in a 1000 year old city. Road maintenance is expensive. Noise and air pollution are far worse from cars than mass transit (Vienna has a LOT of electric buses and getting more each year).

It is a long term, continuous process, but it makes the city wonderfully livable. The fewer cars, the more bike paths. The ONE good thing about global warming is that even formerly cold and snowy cities like Vienna are now bike-able year round (with proper clothing).