Russia didn't attempt to invoke article 51. They did invoke it. Your statement on how the vote went is factually incorrect.

"United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES‑11/1 is a resolution of the eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly, adopted on 2 March 2022. It deplored Russia's invasion of Ukraine and demanded a full withdrawal of Russian forces and a reversal of its decision to recognise the self-declared People's Republics of Donetsk and Luhansk. The tenth paragraph of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution of 2 March 2022 confirmed the involvement of Belarus in unlawful use of force against Ukraine.[1] The resolution was sponsored by 96 countries, and passed with 141 voting in favour, 5 against, and 35 abstentions.[2]"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/1#:~:text=The%20resolution%20was%20sponsored%20by,5%20against%2C%20and%2035%20abstentions.

Those 35 abstentions are critical when you where and who they are.