Not quite true. You can have a profitable, sustainable business. I have had one for more than two decades. There is profit for the business and me the owner, but no or slow growth. This is fine for a private business. If I were to go public, my company would be hammered by the financial industry because THEY would have no profit.
There lies the problem: The financial industry has again (like in the gilded age) taken over too large of a portion of the world economy. They are parasites that only make money on derivatives - and by that I mean in math terms.
A perfectly sustainable company has no or slow growth. That is a constant velocity. The first derivative of velocity is acceleration. That is where Wall Street makes money, on the acceleration of growth. No growth means zero acceleration means no money for Wall Street and no sustainability for the planet.